Executive Snapshot on Crime Scenario in a typical city
Policing has been generally reactive in nature – police try to catch criminals who have committed crimes. In the last decade, however, police have become more proactive in preventing crimes and more effective in allocating scarce resources for the greatest crime reduction. This project is an effort to infuse advanced information technologies such as Geographic information system (GIS) and conventional automated record keeping supports this revolutionary movement. World over Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has become a vital tool for the prevention and control of crime in the developed countries and Police departments of advanced nations have started applying GIS for preventing crime. GIS provides a fresh alternative approach to the conventional statistical methods. Over the last decade, GIS has emerged as a powerful instrument for solving crime problems. Compared to the statistical methods, GIS has several advantages.
A primary advantage of GIS is that it can visualize the spatial patterns of crimes, the relations between crime and its correlates, and the differentiation of crime type and its related attributes. A second advantage is that even with a small sample size, GIS can still show meaningful information. Third, visualized information can be very useful in the deployment of police forces and the allocation of resources. Finally, with improvement in its software and ease for mastery, GIS is rapidly becoming an essential tool for analysis at all levels of police management, administration, and planning.
Objectives:
By implementation of this project we can achieve the following
1. A total integrated solution to help create a seamless Crime fighting unit.
2. Optimising Crime using Bleeding edge Technology.
3. Creation of a knowledge warehouse on Criminals, related crime and profiling crime
4. Patterns to help crime prevention.
5. Creation of a better decision support system for effective resource allocation like
6. Patrolling and police administration.
7. Help the PDRM (Inspector General of Police) on a paradigm Shift from Reactive Policing to Proactive policing.
8. Correlating geographic data with incidence of crime.
Current Scenario – Available Crime Data and assumptions
The overall crime situation at a city like Kuala Lumpur appears very Grim.
• A total of crimes were recorded in 2002, a increase of 5.5 % over 2001 (77,245).
• Violent Crimes were recorded, a surge of 8.5% compared with 2001 (14,812). The number of Violent Crimes recorded was the highest in the past 5 years.
• Looking at Crime Rate, per 100 000 population, the Overall Crime Rate stood at 1084.5, an increase of 6.4 % compared with 2000.
• Crime Detection Rate was 44 %, compared with 43.6% for 2001.
Classification of crime into Bank Robberies, “Copycat” crimes, Goldsmith/Watch Shop Robberies, Burglary, Homicide, Wounding and Serious Assault, Rape and Indecent Assault, Thefts sub classified as Shop Theft, Pick pocketing, Theft of Motor Vehicles and Deception. Serious Narcotics Cases sub classified into Heroin, MDMA (Ecstasy), Cannabis, Herbal Resin, Methamphetamine (Ice), Ketamine etc..Organised Crime and Triads, Cyber Crime, Illegal Immigrants, Juveniles and Young Persons Arrested for Crimes. Having this data separately and viewing the same as a layer in the map will provide insights into patterns.
Implication on proposed Strategy
The proposed new system creates one seamless crime-fighting unit. Combined display of GIS maps and Oracle database will give more information about an area, criminals, crime histories, road maps, shortest routes and hot spots. Query system is more helpful to get specific data and maps from the entire data. By using the integrated 3D mapping system the officers can comprehend crime incidence and detect patterns within a short period.
Information will be made accessible on more than 3,500 PCs throughout the department, providing users with hundreds of easy-to-query reports that provide officers with the most current information. The system spontaneously alerts department members when the data reveals particular crime patterns that might not be evident to the naked eye, thus helping investigators stay one step ahead of criminals. The project could save the department millions of dollars, and allow it to place more emphasis on fighting and deterring crime and less on administration.
